Ethiopia: Magnitude 5.8 Jolts Rift Valley Region

Ethiopia has recently experienced a series of earthquakes, with the most significant being a magnitude 5.8 tremor on January 4, 2025.

The earthquakes have been concentrated near Mount Fentale in the Afar region, an area known for volcanic activity. The German Research Centre for Geosciences (GFZ) reported multiple quakes in the region, including a magnitude 5.2 event near Awash on January 4.

In response to the seismic events, the Ethiopian Geological Institute has been closely monitoring the situation. Authorities have initiated evacuations to safeguard residents from potential volcanic eruptions, with signs of volcanic activity observed near Mount Dofan.

As of now, there have been no reports of casualties. However, the situation remains dynamic, and residents in affected areas are advised to stay alert and follow official guidance.

Mount Fentale is a stratovolcano located in the northern part of the Ethiopian Rift Valley, near the town of Awash. It is part of the East African Rift System, a tectonically active region where the African Plate is splitting into two smaller plates: the Nubian and Somali Plates.

Historical and Geological Background:

1. Formation and Structure:

Fentale is believed to have formed tens of thousands of years ago due to the rifting and volcanic activity in the region.

Its summit features a large elliptical caldera, approximately 5 kilometers in diameter, which was formed by a catastrophic eruption and subsequent collapse.

2. Eruption History:

The last significant eruption of Mount Fentale occurred around the 19th century, although some accounts suggest smaller, less-documented events may have occurred since then.

Historical records and oral traditions from the Afar people, who inhabit the region, reference past eruptions that caused significant local impact.

3. Tectonic Activity:

The region around Mount Fentale is highly active geologically, with regular earthquakes and signs of geothermal activity such as hot springs and fumaroles. This activity is driven by the rifting process that is gradually pulling the land apart.

4. Cultural Significance:

Mount Fentale and the surrounding areas hold cultural and spiritual significance for the local communities. Traditional practices and legends often attribute volcanic activity to divine or ancestral interventions.

5. Tourism and Research:

The volcano is part of the Awash National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage site known for its wildlife, unique landscapes, and archaeological significance.

The caldera is a popular destination for hikers and researchers studying rift valley dynamics, geothermal energy, and volcanic activity.